woman; female; feminine gender
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
Heisei era (1989.1.8-2019.4.30)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
August; eighth month of the lunar calendar
ward; borough; city (in Tokyo); district (e.g. electoral); section; zone (e.g. postal)
apartment building; apartment block; apartment house; apartment
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
(dead) body; corpse; remains
discovery; detection; finding
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
plan; meter; measuring device; (in) total; total (of)
counter for (small) things or pieces; counter for military units; (an) individual; one person; counter for years (of age difference); counter for school-years
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cram; to stuff; to jam; to squeeze; to pack; to crowd
hands and feet; limbs; person at one's beck and call; person at hand; reliable worker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
nail; spike; tack; rivet; brad; (pachinko) pin
to nail (to something); to nail down; to bang (e.g. one's head); to knock; to throw (at a wall, on the floor, etc.); to fling (at)
fixing (in place); being fixed (in place); fixing (e.g. salary, capital); keeping the same; fixation (histology); user name (on an online forum like 2ch where the majority of users post anonymously)
state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
edged tool; cutting instrument; knife
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
as (it is); remaining (in a state); with (e.g. one's eyes closed, the light on); while (e.g. standing, alive); as (one pleases, one is told, etc.); according to
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
(lower) abdomen; hypogastrium; genitals; private parts
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to cut up; to split open; to rip to pieces; to tear to pieces
switch; switch; points; switch (from one thing to another); change
river; stream; River; the ... river
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need