woman; female; feminine gender
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
Heisei era (1989.1.8-2019.4.30)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
August; eighth month of the lunar calendar
ward; borough; city (in Tokyo); district (e.g. electoral); section; zone (e.g. postal)
apartment building; apartment block; apartment house; apartment
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
discovery; detection; finding
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
plan; meter; measuring device; (in) total; total (of)
counter for articles; counter for military units; individual
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cram; to stuff; to jam; to squeeze; to compress; to pack
hands and feet; limbs; person at one's beck and call; person at hand; reliable worker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
nail; spike; tack; rivet; brad; (pachinko) pin
to nail; to knock; to bang (e.g. one's head); to throw (e.g. a rock); to fling
fixing (in place); being fixed (in place); fixing (e.g. salary, capital); keeping the same; fixation (histology); user name (on an online forum like 2ch where the majority of users post anonymously)
state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
by means of; due to; because of; according to
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to cut off; to cut up; to tear to pieces
river; stream; River; the ... river
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh