sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
senior high school student
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
detestable; abhorrent; loathsome
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
piece; fragment; one (object)
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone
sex; sexual intercourse; (one's) sex; gender
running away from home; elopement; (arch.) outing; (arch.) going out; (arch.) becoming a Buddhist monk; (arch.) entering the priesthood
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody)
depression; low spirits; luxuriant (of vegetation)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
pregnancy; conception; gestation
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
abortion; to be interrupted; to be discontinued; to be suspended
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)