tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
beginning; start; outset; at first; at the beginning; initially
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
plot of land; lot; soil; locality; region; place
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
convenience; accommodation; advantage; benefit; expediency
giving; provision; furnishing
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
company; association; regional Chinese god of the earth (or a village built in its honour); counter for companies, shrines, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
several people; a few people
bureaucrat; government official; bureaucracy
unlisted stocks; unlisted shares; unquoted shares
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
influential; prominent; strong; likely; plausible
doubt; misgivings; distrust; suspicion
detection (of a plot, fraud, etc.); discovery; coming to light; being uncovered
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
prime minister (as the head of a cabinet government); premier; leading; overseeing; leader
member of an assembly; member of the Diet; member of parliament; member of Congress
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
ruling party; government party; party in power; government
chairman of (party) policy bureau; policy chief
by the way; in this connection; incidentally; in passing
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
brokerage; brokerage firm; broking house; securities company
under-the-table payoff; offer of an illegal profit
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen