(of) Japanese descent; non-Japanese of Japanese descent; nikkeijin; company, etc. set up with Japanese capital; company managed by Japanese or non-Japanese of Japanese descent
immigration; emigration; immigrant; emigrant
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
love; affection; attachment; craving; agape; Ireland
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
throughout; over a period of ...; over a span of ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to hold (in one's hand); to take (into one's hand); to own; to obtain
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
generation; lifetime; the age; the day; the first (e.g. Elizabeth I); issei
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
eldest son (may be the only son); first-born son
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
overseas student; exchange student
to recollect; to remember; to imagine; to guess; (arch.) to admire (e.g. beauty); (arch.) to praise
meeting; rendezvous; meeting for the first time; coming across; confluence
mutually; with each other; reciprocally; together
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
Attack on Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
Japan and the United States; Japanese-American
outbreak of war; starting a war
warfare; the maelstrom of war; disorder brought about by war
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
non-Japanese of Japanese descent; nikkeijin
having at one's mercy; trifling with; toying with; playing with; making a fool of; leading around by the nose
to be worried about; to be concerned for someone's welfare
good luck; fortune; happiness; harvest; yield
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to show (someone) out; to see (someone) off; to forward; to dispatch (goods); to push (one's opponent) out of the ring from behind
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
(one's) self; oneself; yourself; himself; herself
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as