to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
classical elegance; antiquity
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
two persons; two people; pair; couple
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stare at; to gaze at; to look hard at; to watch intently; to fix one's eyes on
making; producing; appearance (attire, make-up, etc.); build; physique; sashimi
to step forward; to step forth; to advance; to start; to embark on; to set forth on
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
tear; tears; lachrymal secretion; sympathy
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
law (esp. ancient East Asian criminal code); regulation; vinaya (rules for the monastic community); Ritsu (school of Buddhism); lüshi (style of Chinese poem); (musical) pitch; six odd-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
pretty; lovely; clean; clear; completely; entirely
colour; color; complexion; skin colour; look (on one's face); expression; appearance
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
Qing dynasty (China, 1644-1912); Ch'ing dynasty; Manchu dynasty
to paint; to plaster; to lacquer; to varnish; to spread; to smear
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
myself; yourself; I; me; you
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
name; given name; first name
to address (someone) without using a suffix such as "-san" or "-chan"; to refer to (someone) without a title suffix
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
society; the world; the times
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
to repeat; to do something over again
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood