indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
the whole day; all the day
to sleep; to die; to rest (in peace); to lie idle (e.g. of resources); to lie unused; (arch.) to close one's eyes
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
how; in what way; how about
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
space; room; vacancy; opening; free time; time to spare
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
shōchū; Japanese spirit distilled from sweet potatoes, rice, etc.
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
raging waves; stormy seas; hardships; troubles; adversities
rock (music); rock; boulder; on the rocks
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
judgement; judgment; decision; adjudication; award; verdict
woman's level of motivation in fashion, makeup, taste in clothes, etc.; femininity
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point (in geometry)
failure (in an examination); failing to advance (to the next year); falling short of the standard; not making the grade
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
perfect score; full marks; extremely; very; quite
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
correct; right; correct interpretation (answer, solution)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
notebook; memo pad; certificate; identification card
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
first of all; at once; right away; for now; for the time being
to tease; to irritate; to tantalize; to keep (someone) in suspense
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
strawberry (esp. the garden strawberry, Fragaria x ananassa)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
suffix for familiar person