to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
disturbance; trouble; ups and downs
to be affected; to be influenced; to be concerned with; to have to do with; to stick to (opinions)
contribution (furthering a goal or cause); services (to a cause)
propagation (e.g. a religion); proselytizing; missionary work
every place; various places
Japanese person; Japanese people
to lift up; to hold up; to give; to offer; to devote; to sacrifice
(religious) faith; belief; creed
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to throw away; to cast away; to abandon; to desert; to give up; to resign
sword (esp. Japanese single-edged); katana; scalpel; chisel; burin; knife money (knife-shaped commodity money used in ancient China)
oneself; oneself; for oneself; personally
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
teaching; instruction; teachings; precept; lesson; doctrine
lofty; sublime; noble; the sublime (aesthetics)
imperial loyalist samurai of the Bakumatsu-era; patriots; idealists willing to sacrifice themselves for the good of the nation
Catholic priest; abbe; reverend father; minister; padre
arrival in Japan; coming to Japan; visit to Japan
missionary work; proselytizing; preaching; evangelism
orthodoxy; (Greek) orthodox church
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
person; character; one's character; one's personality; able person; talented person
after that; afterwards; thereafter
to arrive at (after a struggle); to finally reach; to find one's way to; to finally hit on (e.g. an idea)
mansion; palace; (arch.) nobleman; (arch.) noblewoman; (arch.) cabin (on a boat, carriage, etc.)
box; case; car (of a train, etc.); shamisen case; shamisen; public building; community building
end; tip; end (of the year, month, etc.); close; youngest child; descendants; offspring
vagrancy; wandering; nomadism
cooperation; collaboration
(act of) building (temple, monument, etc.); erection
Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
temple; shrine; hall; company; (arch.) front room
Nicolai; Nicolais; Nikolai; Nikolais
(Confucian) temple; church; sanctuary
model; type (e.g. of machine, goods, etc.); type; style; mold (mould); template; kata (standard form of a movement, posture, etc. in martial arts, sport, etc.)
stand; rack; support; holder; counter for machines, incl. vehicles; setting (e.g. in jewellery); level (e.g. price level)
Suruga (former province located in the central and northern parts of present-day Shizuoka Prefecture)