Kaei era (1848.2.28-1854.11.27)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
June; sixth month of the lunar calendar
Perry; Perry, Matthew C. (1794-1858; American navy officer); Peri; Perri; Pelly; Peli
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
counter for ships; counter for half of a pair (e.g. half of a folding screen); (arch.) counter for items carried in a bundle (e.g. fish, birds, arrows)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
(United States of) America; United States; US; America (land mass); the Americas
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
congratulation; celebration
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
news; word; tidings; omen; foreboding; premonition
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at once; immediately; right away; directly (face, lead to, etc.); automatically (mean, result in, etc.)
Edo Castle (residence of the Shogun during the Edo period, now the site of the Tokyo Imperial Palace)
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
information; making a report (to a superior)
to be; to come; to go; to be (doing)
arrival of ships (from abroad); arrival by ship
anchorage; anchoring; mooring
medium (size); average (grade, level, etc.); in; within; during; while; currently (doing)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; school; phylum; division; counter for cannons
dozens; scores of; decades
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne
letter; note; epistle; correspondence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
I'm told; is what I heard; is how it is, apparently; is what they said
to make something one's own; to appropriate for oneself
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
adds force to a statement, decision or conclusion; indicates command; (strongly) emphasizes the previous word; adds focus; some- (e.g. something, someone)
Uraga magistrate (oversaw inspection of ships and cargo entering Edo Bay via Uraga; Edo period)
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole