Keiō era (1865.4.7-1868.9.8)
April; fourth month in the lunar calendar
twenty-third day of the month; twenty-three days
fourth day of the month; four days
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Nagasaki (city, prefecture)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
departure from a port; leaving port; setting sail
traditional ordering of the Japanese syllabary; fundamentals; the ABCs of ...
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
guest; visitor; customer; client; counter for containers used to entertain guests
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
(husked grains of) rice; staple (product, etc.); necessity
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
load; baggage; cargo; burden; responsibility
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
Sanuki (former province located in present-day Kagawa Prefecture)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
hoop (of a barrel, bucket, etc.)
tide; current; sea water; opportunity; chance; thin soup of fish or shellfish boiled in seawater
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
ending; conclusion; join; union; knot; knotting
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
minute (unit of time); fun (one tenth of a monme, 5.787 grains)
armor and helmet (armour)
splendid horse; promoted bishop
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)