here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
older brother; elder brother
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
indicates concession or compromise; indicates permission
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
detached building; solitary house; room detached from main house; separation from; loss of interest in; independence of
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
gathering; meeting; assembly; collection; attendance
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
splendid horse; promoted bishop
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
myself; yourself; I; me; you
feudal domain (Edo and early Meiji periods, precursor to current prefectures); fiefdom; province
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
becoming a lordless samurai
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
to gather; to collect; to assemble
by (means of); by doing; due to; via; through
order; command; decree; (software) instruction; statement
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to tie; to bind; to fasten; to restrict (freedom); to tie down (with rules, regulations, etc.); to fetter
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
activity (of a person, organization, animal, volcano, etc.); action; movie (esp. during the silent movie period)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
maliciousness; ill will; noxious gas; (arch.) (vengeful) ghost; (arch.) specter
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
corridor; hallway; passageway
speculation; venture; stockjobbing; gambling (on stocks)
reclamation (e.g. wasteland); cultivation; development; pioneering; opening up (e.g. new market); breaking new ground
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage