steaming basket (traditionally clay or wood); steaming vat (for steaming rice in sake production)
geisha; (arch.) kabuki actor (esp. a young actor); (arch.) someone accomplished in the arts
waxing and waning; phases of moon
playful; mischievous; joker; prankster; brown eyes
exemplar; model; example; pattern
National Guard (esp. USA); National Guard member
katsuobushi; small pieces of sliced dried bonito
origin; beginning; genesis; primeval; primordial; primitive
teacher (to whom one owes a debt of gratitude); mentor; one's former teacher
Sun Goddess; Amaterasu Ōmikami
whistling sound; wheezing sound; sound of the wind; wuthering; howling; soughing
opinion in writing; written opinion; argument
climbing to the summit; summiting
various fiefdoms; various domains
to be lost (e.g. luggage); to be missing; to be used up; to be run out; to disappear (e.g. pain); to be lost (e.g. a dream, confidence)
armor and helmet (armour)
mountain top; summit; peak
pioneer; leader; taking the initiative; leading an attack; charging ahead of others (towards the enemy)
Kagoshima prefecture (Kyushu)
mountain god; one's wife (esp. a nagging wife); roughskin sculpin (Trachidermus fasciatus)
black ships; Western ships that came to Japan between the 16th and 19th centuries, esp. those of the Perry Expedition in 1853; foreign disruptor (of the Japanese market); product, person, etc. arriving from the West and disturbing the Japanese market
any red algae in the family Gelidiaceae (esp. Gelidium crinale)
modernization; modernisation
tatami room; dinner party in a tatami room with a geisha or maiko
Edo Castle (residence of the Shogun during the Edo period, now the site of the Tokyo Imperial Palace)
monkey (esp. the Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata); ape; sly person; idiot; hick; sliding wooden bolt (for holding a door or window shut); clasp used to control the height of a pot-hook
Kagoshima (city, prefecture)
to lay waste; to devastate; to invade; to break into; to troll (e.g. web forums); to spam
to prepare; to provide; to set up; to establish; to organize
Bakumatsu period; closing days of the Tokugawa shogunate; end of the Edo period
war funds; war chest; funds (for activities); campaign funds