honorific/polite/humble prefix
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
hot spring; onsen; hot spring resort; hot spring spa
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
a little bit; a little while
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
and then; and so; and; so then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
wound; injury; chip; crack; flaw; defect
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to cure; to heal; to fix; to correct; to do over again; to replace
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
splendid horse; promoted bishop
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
Keiō era (1865.4.7-1868.9.8)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
March; third month of the lunar calendar
tenth day of the month; ten days
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(arch.) indicates emphasis, intention, etc.; indicates emphasis, intention, etc.
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
pursuer; pursuing party; posse
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to bear; to carry on one's back; to take responsibility for; to accept a duty; to receive (wound); to incur (damage)
to heal; to cure; to satisfy (e.g. hunger, thirst); to alleviate (e.g. sorrow, fatigue)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
theme; topic; subject matter; motif; project; slogan