passion; enthusiasm; zeal
revolutionary; child of the revolution; man of revolutionary temperament
organization; organisation; structure; construction; system (e.g. railroad, transport, party, etc.); tissue; texture (of a rock)
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
common people; ordinary people; masses
not only ... (but also); not just; as well as
kiheitai (irregular militia during the Bakumatsu period)
show (of power, ability, etc.); exhibition; demonstration; display; manifestation
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to collect; to put (it all) together; to summarize; to aggregate; to bring to a conclusion; to finalize
readiness to die; (in the) face of death
internal disunity; internal division; internal rift
teaching; instruction; teachings; precept; lesson; doctrine
one's opinion on (life and) death
meeting; rendezvous; encounter; confluence
shade; shadow; behind (something); other side; background; behind the scenes
pine tree (Pinus spp.); highest (of a three-tier ranking system)
entering an institution; beginning training; primer; manual; introduction (to)
cram school; private tutoring school; juku
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
bush clover; Japanese clover (any flowering plant of genus Lespedeza); dark red exterior with blue interior (color combination worn in autumn); Hagi (city in Yamaguchi)
Yamaguchi prefecture (Chūgoku area)
castle town; city in Japan that developed around the castle of a feudal lord
to move; to shift; to inspire; to rouse; to change; to alter; to operate
to be added to; to be appended; to join in (e.g. a group of friends); to participate; to increase (e.g. heat); to gain in (e.g. influence)
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to make sure of; to ascertain; to confirm; to grasp
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
exactly; surely; right then; just then; just (about to); on the verge (of doing or happening)
counterattack; counteroffensive; counterblow
as soon as possible; ASAP
to stop; to quit; to put an end to
to turn; to revolve; to visit several places; to function well; to pass a certain time