(fighting) spirit; motivation; shout (for getting in the right mood to deal with something, etc.); cheer; kiai; short shout when performing an attacking move
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
yo!; hello there!; wow!; oh!; yah! (yell)
hyah!; hah!; there!; ugh!; argh!; damn it!
splendid horse; promoted bishop
honorific/polite/humble prefix
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
not writing or contacting for a while; neglecting (failing) to write (call, visit, etc.); long silence
to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
surface; face (i.e. the visible side of an object); front (of a building, etc.); obverse side (i.e. "head") of a coin; outside; exterior; appearance
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
repeatedly; several times; many times
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
to notice; to realize; to realise; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses); to come round
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
dojo; hall used for martial arts training; manda (place of Buddhist practice or meditation, esp. the place under the bodhi tree where Buddha attained enlightenment)
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
way; manner; (for) the first time in (e.g. ten years); after ...; ...-sized; amount (equivalent to ...)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to do completely; to do accidentally; to do without meaning to; to happen to do
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
nature; natural; spontaneous; naturally; spontaneously
(sound of) footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
greeting; greetings; speech (congratulatory or appreciative); address; reply; response; courtesy visit (to offer condolences, say congratulations, pay respect, introduce oneself, etc.)
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become