today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
to begin a trip; to depart; to embark; to die; to pass away; to depart this life
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
tail (animal, kite, comet, etc.); tail end; slope at the foot of a mountain
quantity; amount; volume; number; amount of money
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
from now; from the present moment; from this time forward; henceforth
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
poem; poetry; verse; Chinese poem
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; (arch.) that's right
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
one's youth; early life; one's early days; one's early years
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
immediately; at once; soon; before long; easily; readily
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to build up; to complete; to construct; to make up; to fabricate; to invent
peace; tranquility; tranquillity; (arch.) happy-go-lucky
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign