near; nearby; not far off
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
opening a port (seaport, airport, etc.); starting operations at a port; opening a port to foreign vessels or trade
Bakumatsu period; closing days of the Tokugawa shogunate; end of the Edo period
by means of; due to; because of; according to
Japan–US Treaty of Peace and Amity (March 31, 1854); Convention of Kanagawa; Kanagawa Treaty; unequal treaty signed between the United States and the Tokugawa shogunate that forced Japan to end its policy of national seclusion
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
to pierce through; to break through
force; vigor; influence; authority; impetus; momentum
to prick; to stab; to poke; to prod; to use (a cane); to prop oneself up with
last drink (of sake); last glass; last cup
where; which; anyway; anyhow; sooner or later; eventually
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
to be stormy; to be rough; to be rough (of skin); to be chapped; to be ruined; to fall into ruin
very; much; greatly; a lot of
the whole world; the whole country; society; the public; supremacy over a nation; government of a country; having one's own way
(medical) doctor; physician
trouble; problem; mess; difficulty; nuisance
to approach; to draw near; to gather (in one place); to come together; to stop by (while on one's way to another place); to drop by; to grow old
secret; private; surreptitious
to gather; to collect; to assemble
undergoing training; learning
edict; ordinance; proclamation
establishment; opening; setting up; inauguration
professor; teaching; instruction
consultation; question; enquiry; inquiry
policy; course; plan (of action); magnetic needle
charge; duty; person in charge; official; clerk
coastal defense; coastal defence
to mind; to care about; to be an issue; to matter; to keep company; to care for; to interfere with
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding