government; administration
merchant; trader; tradesman; dealer; shopkeeper
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
structure; construction; arrangement; plan; plot; contrivance
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
bank; banking institution
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
private; non-governmental; non-official; folk; popular
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
Ministry of Finance (1869-2001); Ministry of the Treasury (under the ritsuryo system)
to resign; to retire; to quit; to leave (one's job, etc.)
half; semi-; half-past; odd number; (arch.) unit of land area (595.8 m^2)
to work (for); to be employed (at); to serve (as); to act (as); to conduct a religious service
decision; determination; resolution
to harden; to freeze; to put together; to collect; to make secure; to stabilize; to fortify
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
metamorphosis; disguise; transformation; shapeshifting; morphing
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
beginning; outset; first; onset
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention
in accordance with; following; roughly; about; Street; Avenue
government service; the bureaucracy
people; citizens; subjects; folk
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
determination; resolution
you (when referring to one's equals or inferiors)
to invite; to ask (someone to do); to tempt; to lure; to induce (tears, laughter, sleepiness, etc.); to arouse (e.g. sympathy)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
while; during; while; although; all; both
previously; before; first; before (something or someone else); beforehand; in advance
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
indeed; really; absolutely; truly; actually; very