country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
beginning; outset; first; onset
to raise one's voice; to shout; to yell; to speak up (e.g. in protest); to speak one's mind
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
teaching; instruction; teachings; precept; lesson; doctrine
to value; to prize; to esteem; to respect
even though; despite; when
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
government; administration
being excluded; being ignored; being kept in the dark (about); being kept out of the loop; (lit.) outside the mosquito net
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
to turn toward; to look (up, down, etc.); to face (e.g. east) (of a building, window, etc.); to look out on; to point (of an arrow, compass needle, etc.); to be suited to
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
happy event; cause for celebration; congratulations
in this way; thus; such; uh...
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to walk; to go on foot; to tread (a figurative path); to follow; to advance towards (e.g. a solution); to set out (e.g. on the path to destruction, ruin, etc.)
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
to work (for); to be employed (at); to serve (as); to act (as); to conduct a religious service
children; sons; (lit.) children and younger brothers; young people
not only ... (but also); not just; as well as
(social) standing; status; identity; birth; one's circumstances; one's means
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
Sinology; study of China or of the Chinese classics
Western learning (introduced to Japan in the late-Edo and early-Meiji eras)
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
overseas travel (to Western countries); going abroad (to study or travel); store operated by a foreigner (in pre-communist China)
to ration out and survive on (some food); to eke out a living
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago