jpdb beta

good evening

1

Ieyasu

1

be; is

9

I; me

7

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

139

to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen

1

Edo shogunate (1603-1867)

2

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

114

nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...

6

national isolation; closing the country (to foreigners); sakoku; policy of national isolation enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate

1

right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?

5

things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that

3

to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise

13

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

81

as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly

1

perfect; complete

1

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

73

to close (e.g. book, eyes, meeting, etc.); to shut

1

it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that...

1

in this manner; in this way; like this

1

Ainu

1

such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o

14

Korea

1

Ryukyu; chain of southwestern Japanese islands comprising Okinawa Prefecture

1

indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that

5

each; respectively

1

daimyo (Japanese feudal lord)

1

using as an intermediary; through

1

to associate with; to keep company with; to go out with; to go along with; to follow someone's lead; to accompany someone

1

and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing

6

here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...

4

Nagasaki (city, prefecture)

1

area under direct control (of the shogun)

1

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

34

Netherlands; Holland

2

China under the Qing dynasty; Qing China; Qing dynasty

2

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

42

lively; active; vigorous; animated; brisk

1

trade (foreign)

1

rumor; rumour; gossip; hearsay

1

book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter

1

Dutchman; Dutchwoman

1

to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till

4

to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch

3

this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")

19

newspaper

1

periodic; regular; routine

1

foreign; abroad; overseas

1

information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.

2

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

75