indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
now; the present time; just now; another; more
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
luxury; extravagance; to live in luxury; to indulge oneself; lavish (use of something); abundant
to taste; to savor; to appreciate; to enjoy; to experience; to go through
how; in what way; how about
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
program (e.g. TV); programme
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
marshy rice field or paddy
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
cartoon; comic; comic strip; manga
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
rough (estimate, outline, etc.); broad; general; generous; openhanded
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
character; personality; (fictional) character; letter; character
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
for example; for instance; e.g.
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
bachelorhood; single; unmarried; celibate
... years since construction; ... years old (of a building); built in ...
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
apartment building; apartment block; apartment house; apartment
(way of) life; living; livelihood; life circumstances
hobby; pastime; tastes; preference; liking
rakugo; traditional Japanese comic storytelling; comic story (told by a professional storyteller)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to be packed (with); to be full (space, schedule, etc.); to be blocked (road, pipe, nose, etc.); to be clogged; to shorten (width, interval, etc.); to shrink (shirt, word form, etc.); to be at a loss
introduction; bringing in; leading in; installation
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)