indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
to get used to; to grow accustomed to; to become skilled in; to become experienced at; to become tame; to become domesticated
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
suffix for familiar person
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
since when; from when; how long
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
to meet up (as arranged); to rendezvous; to get together; to join (of roads, rivers, etc.); to flow together
danger; peril; hazard; risk
not a chance; not likely; no way; oh no; yuck; eew
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
peace of mind; relief; (sense of) security; safety; assurance; confidence
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
so; like this; in this way; this much; to this extent
tension; strain; tensions (between countries, groups, etc.); tonus; muscle tone
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
when it comes to ...; if one were to speak of ...; by ... you mean ...; when you say ... you mean that ...; whenever ...; if it's ... then (without fail)
raw; uncooked; natural; as it is; unprotected (sex); raw; live (i.e. not recorded)
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker