manufacturing; processing; treatment; machining
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
a long time (since the last time); first in a long time; it's been a long time; long time no see
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...; wow
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
courage; bravery; valour; valor; nerve; boldness
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
General Headquarters (office of the Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers; 1945-1952); GHQ
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
starting; inauguration; launch; founding; establishment; start-up
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
the reverse (side); back (side); other side; hidden side; behind the scenes
to support; to prop; to sustain; to hold at bay; to stem; to check
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
theory; doctrine; opinion; view; rumour; rumor
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
to disappear; to vanish; to bolt; to go into hiding
wildcat (European wildcat, Iriomote cat, Tsushima cat, etc.); wild cat; stray cat
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
still; much more; (not) yet; still a long way to go; still a long way off; not there yet
to run; to run (of a vehicle); to drive; to rush (to); to dash; to retreat; to flee
to receive; to take; to get someone to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
feelings; thoughts; meaning
to run counter to; to go against; to disobey; to infringe
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm