how do you do?; nice to meet you; adieu; farewell; bon voyage
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
head of the student council; president of the student council
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
until now; so far; up to the present
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
tradition; legend; folklore
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
last (i.e. immediately preceding); previous; pre- (e.g. premodern); before; before; earlier
president (of a society); chairman
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
for generations; hereditary; generation after generation
to pass down (a story) from generation to generation; to hand down