indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
alone; by oneself; on one's own
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
difficult to ...; hard to ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
How do you do?; I am glad to meet you
child; kid; (one's) child; offspring; young (animal); young woman; offshoot
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
housewife; mistress (of the house); homemaker
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
not understanding; not knowing
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
have a good day; take care; see you
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
store; shop; establishment; restaurant