police officer; policeman; constable
murder; killing; murderer
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
crime; sin; penalty; sentence; fault; responsibility
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
Kyūshū (southernmost of the four main islands of Japan)
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
penal servitude; serving time in prison; military service; forced labor; compulsory service
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
heart disease; heart trouble; cardiopathy
remainder of one's life; one's remaining days; time left (to live)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
sentence; verdict; pronouncement
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
escaping from prison; jailbreak
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
to add to one's circle of friends (or colleagues, etc.); to take in; to accept
Okayama (city, prefecture)
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to bury (e.g. in the ground); to fill up (e.g. audience fills a hall); to cause to be packed; to plug (a gap); to stop (a gap); to make up for (a loss, shortage, etc.); to make amends
to dig up; to unearth; to uncover
10^8; 100,000,000; hundred million
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
cash; ready money; money on hand; mercenary; self-interested; calculating
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
adds force or indicates command
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing