indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
dad; daddy; papa; pa; pop
I'm home!; I'm back!; now; at present; just now; a moment ago
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
your home; your family; their home; (my) home
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
fast; quick; early; soon; premature; too soon
natto (fermented soybeans)
to mix; to stir; to blend
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
look!; see!; here!; there!; hey!
reasonably; fairly; hurriedly; in a rush; approximately; about
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
I'm off (and will be back later); see you later; to go (and then come back)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well ...; I think ...
have a good day; take care; see you
beloved child; dear child
to burn; to burn down; to be roasted; to be thoroughly cooked; to be sunburnt; to fade (in the sun); to glow red (i.e. of the sky at sunset)
suffix for familiar person
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
liking very much; loving (something or someone); adoring; being very fond of
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
by myself; in person; by oneself