indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
now (esp. in contrast to the past); now at last; at present; right now
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
suffix for familiar person
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
pluralizing suffix; or so; rough indicator of direction, location, amount, etc.; nominalizing suffix
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
I'm home!; I'm back!; now; at present; just now; a moment ago
yakisoba; fried noodles, usu. with vegetables and meat
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
Western-style clothes (cf. traditional Japanese clothes)
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
lovely; wonderful; charming; enchanting; nice; great
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning
clothes (esp. Western clothes); clothing; dress; counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, puffs of a cigarette, etc.
to praise; to commend; to compliment; to speak well of; to speak highly of