indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
performer (usu. in a boy band or girl group) with an image cultivated to foster a dedicated fan following; Japanese idol; (cultural) icon; idol; idol (object of worship); image
to resign; to retire; to quit; to leave (one's job, etc.)
inconsequential; indifferent; not worth worrying about; whatever; whichever; I don't care
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
miserable; pitiable; shameful; deplorable; pathetic
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to notice; to realize; to realise; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses); to come round
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
origin; source; basis; base; cause; (raw) material; ingredient
life; living; livelihood; (one's) living
to raise; to elevate; to move something (to a higher place); to put onto (e.g. a shelf); to increase (price, quality, status, etc.); to raise (a wage); to show someone (into a room)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
frantic; frenetic; inevitable death; brinkmate (inevitable checkmate)
hyah!; hah!; there!; ugh!; argh!; damn it!
error; mistake; fault; sin; wrongdoing; offense
to bark; to howl; to howl (of the wind); to roar (of the sea); to yell; to shout
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to be found; to be discovered
mother-in-law; foster mother; stepmother
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you; you shouldn't have; it's too much
trouble; bother; annoyance
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
cut; clip; shear; reap; trim; prune
valley; ravine; gorge; canyon