distinction; difference; separate; different; exception; exclusion
(metropolitan) prefecture (of Osaka and Kyoto); the centre or seat (of) (center); (government) office; fu; historical administrative unit in China, Korea and Vietnam
hot spring; onsen; hot spring resort; hot spring spa
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ryokan; traditional inn; Japanese-style lodging, usu. professionally-run
association; union; guild
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
joining (an association, agreement, etc.); participation; affiliation; accession
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
together; jointly; at the same time; with; both
to follow in succession; to happen one after another
which way; which direction; which one (esp. of two alternatives); who
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
cancellation charge; cancellation fee
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
please (give me); please (do for me)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to close (e.g. book, eyes, meeting, etc.); to shut
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
(practical) experience; personal experience; hands-on experience; first-hand experience
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
to go on about (one's love affairs); to speak proudly of (one's spouse, girlfriend, etc.); to speak fondly of
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that kind of; that way; that move; that trick; that game