until now; so far; up to the present
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to keep secret; to conceal
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to fall (e.g. blossoms, leaves); to scatter; to be dispersed; to disappear; to dissolve; to spread
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to hang one's head; to droop one's head
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
how; in what way; how about
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
house; one's house; one's home; one's family
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to strike; to hit; to beat; to punch
because ...; for ...; the reason being ...; as for ...; when it comes to ...; regarding ...
knowing; (an) acquaintance
in that way; thus; so; so?
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
to know (a person); to think
excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
honorific/polite/humble prefix
injury; wound; mistake; accident; loss
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work