indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
I'm sorry; my apologies; excuse me; pardon me
willow (any tree of genus Salix); weeping willow (Salix babylonica)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
company; association; regional Chinese god of the earth (or a village built in its honour); counter for companies, shrines, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
business discussion; negotiation
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
receiving; welcoming; going to meet; final call; call of fate; approach of death
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
skip it; drop it; I've had enough (e.g. when offered something); that's enough
adds force or indicates command
thanks (for coming, helping, etc.); glad you could make it; tiredness; fatigue
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to decide; to choose; to clinch (a victory); to decide (the outcome of a match); to persist in doing; to go through with; to always do
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
simple; easy; uncomplicated; brief; quick; light
to give up; to abandon (hope, plans); to resign oneself (to)
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
to rest; to suspend; to give relief
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading