indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr; Mrs; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
liking; being fond of; liking (romantically); being in love with; faddism; eccentricity
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
(ear of) Japanese pampas grass
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
immediately; as soon as possible; as quickly as possible
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
wanting (to have); desiring; wishing for; I want (you, them, etc.) to (do)
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
you; before (a god, nobleman, etc.); in front of
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
together (with); at the same time; in one lump; in the same category
store; shop; establishment; restaurant
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; 's; of
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
selfishness; egotism; egoism; (being) self-centered; without consulting; (doing) as one pleases
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
thoroughly; completely; severely; harshly; (arch.) scattered; (arch.) disconnected
doing whatever one pleases; selfishness; self-indulgence
next (e.g. "next April"); forthcoming; coming; to come; to arrive; to be due to
all; entire; whole; altogether
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
then; well; so; well then
three years; third school year (e.g. of high school)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to run away; to flee; to avoid (a question, responsibility, etc.); to evade; to win without being overtaken; to hold off the other contenders (until the finish)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as