indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
holding (a conference, exhibition, etc.); opening; hosting (e.g. the Olympics)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be present (esp. during a birth); to be witness to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
emergency; extraordinary; unusual
trembling; getting nervous; excited; thrilled
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
announcement; publication; presenting; statement; communique; making known
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
family; members of a family
to take back; to regain; to get back; to recover
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
(not) at all; (not) in the slightest; wholly; entirely; extremely; very
milli-; 10^-3; millimetre; millimeter
corner; edge; (street) corner; turning; rough edges (of one's character, words, etc.); abrasiveness
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
all; whole; entire; complete (set); in total
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
rock; boulder; crag; cliff; anchor
fortress (surrounded by a wall, moat, etc.)
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
senior (at work or school); superior; elder; older graduate; progenitor; old-timer
looking like a ...; acting as if a ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
junior (at work, school, etc.); younger people; younger student
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)