ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
yen (Japanese monetary unit); circle
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
within the blood; blood-borne
cell; cell (in an organization, esp. a communist party)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
I'm afraid to say; I'm sorry to say; unfortunately
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
illness (usu. excluding minor ailments, e.g. common cold); disease; bad habit; bad behaviour; crazy; insane
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
return; relapse; recurrence
very likely; very probable
sad; miserable; unhappy; sad; lamentable; deplorable
cicada; locust; small-sized pulley
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
downheartedly; dejectedly; dispiritedly; despondently
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
paper doll to which children pray for fine weather (usu. white, and shaped like a Buddhist priest)
back; reverse; rear side; height; stature; ridge (of a mountain)
to shrink; to contract; to diminish (in size)
small child; pipsqueak; short person; midget; small animal; runt
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
number one; first; best; most; game; round
motionlessly (e.g. stand, wait); (be) still; fixedly (e.g. gaze, stare); intently (e.g. listen, think); patiently (endure); stoically
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?