indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
socks; sock; stockings; stocking
to air; to dry; to drain (off); to drink up; to deprive of a role, job, etc.
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
huff!; yo-heave-ho!; heigh-ho; to butter up; to suck up to
I'm off; see you later; to go (and then come back)
have a good day; take care; see you
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
to put on airs; to act big; to throw one's weight about; to be overbearing; to be domineering; to be bossy
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
pole; rod; line; dash; spoken monotonously
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
recollection; retrospection; reflection; reminiscence
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
father; dad; papa; pa; pop; daddy
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
two persons; two people; pair; couple
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
high spirits; high energy; go!; go-man-go!; fashionably clothed and assertive (esp. of a woman); flashy
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
blue; azure; green; pale; gray; unripe
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding