indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to be saved; to be rescued; to escape harm; to be spared damage; to be helped; to be saved trouble
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
beginning; outset; first; onset
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
one's background; one's history; one's circumstances; one's merit; asset; strong point
book; document; calligraphy (esp. Chinese); penmanship; handwriting; letter
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
actual spot; scene (of a crime, accident, etc.); (on) site; (on) the ground; filming location; (movie) set
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
being in charge (of an area of responsibility); being responsible (for a work role, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
recollection; retrospection; reflection; reminiscence
dead body; corpse; cadaver; carcass
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
mouth; opening; hole; mouth (of a bottle); spout; gate; door
pressure; oppression; suppression
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
by means of; due to; because of; according to
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
station (esp. a police station); office (e.g. tax office)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
investigation; inspection; examination; tune; note; melody