ability; gift; talent; sai; traditional unit of volume, approx. 1.8 ml
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
suffix for familiar person
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
eldest son (may be the only son); first-born son
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
non-slip device (material, tread, etc.); non-skid; anti-slip; back-up option (esp. with regard to university admissions); back-up choice; insurance choice
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight
to glide; to slide (e.g. on skis); to fail (an examination); to bomb (when telling a joke); to drop; to go down
studying very hard; studying like mad
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
tail (animal, kite, comet, etc.); tail end; slope at the foot of a mountain
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
cliff edge; edge of a precipice; perilous position; critical moment; brink
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
self-confidence; confidence (in oneself)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
another helping; second helping; seconds; command to have dog place its second paw in one's hand
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
please (give me); please (do for me)
izakaya; Japanese bar that also serves various dishes and snacks
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
filling a vacancy; supplementation; substitute; deputy; alternate
to move up (e.g. date, rank, order); to be advanced; to be carried (of a number in addition)
potentiality; likelihood; possibility; availability
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
falling below quota; not reaching capacity (e.g. a school having fewer applicants for entrance exams than its quota)