at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
really; truly; indeed; good grief
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
granny; grandma; gran; old lady; old woman
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to begin to say; to start talking; to broach (a matter); to be the first to say; to suggest (doing); to propose
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
somewhere; anywhere; in some respects
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
reconciliation; make peace with
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
somehow; for some reason; without knowing why
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so