indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
my; one's own; I ...; one ...
arm; skill; efforts; ability
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to make one's way in the world; to earn one's living; to live
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
wandering samurai; soldier of fortune; brigand; mountain-dwelling robber
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
present age; present day; today; modern era; modern times
haze (esp. in spring); mist; dimness (of sight)
hm; um; huh?; what?; nuh-uh; no
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
(arch.) lowly person; (arch.) lowliness; I
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
sound of footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to be delighted; to be glad; to congratulate; to gratefully accept
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to go out (e.g. on an excursion or outing); to leave; to depart; to be about to leave; to be just going out