indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to become less crowded; to thin out; to get empty; to be hungry
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
shadow; silhouette; reflection; image; ominous sign; light (stars, moon)
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
perhaps; possibly; maybe; if; in case; in the event that
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to disappear (of people or animals); to go (away); to leave; to no longer exist
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
number one; first; best; most; game; round
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
Hamburg steak; hamburger steak
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
preparation; arrangements; getting ready; provision; setup; reserving
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
subterranean rumbling; earth tremor
(sound of) laughter; laughing voice
how; in what way; how about
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
as one wishes; the way one wants; to one's satisfaction
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
sound of footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
fetters; shackles; hobbles; encumbrance; hindrance; burden
to sound; to ring; to resound; to echo; to roar; to rumble
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
to recall; to remember; to recollect