indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
legume (esp. edible legumes or their seeds, e.g. beans, peas, pulses); bean; soya bean (Glycine max); soybean; female genitalia (esp. the clitoris); kidney; small
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
The End; Finis; completion; conclusion; providing fully
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
freezing weather; agar-agar; vegetable gelatin
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
slope; incline; hill; milestone; (age) mark
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
sweetness; sugary taste; sweets; dessert; cake
any red algae in the family Gelidiaceae (esp. Gelidium crinale)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
sweet-tasting; sweet; fragrant (smelling); sweet (music); lightly salted; light in salt; naive
Japanese apricot (Prunus mume); Japanese plum; ume; lowest (of a three-tier ranking system)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
employee (of a store); shop assistant; clerk; salesperson
sweets (desserts, candy, etc.)
unevenness (of colour, paint, etc.); irregularity; unevenness (of quality, results, behaviour, etc.); inconsistency; fickleness; capriciousness
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on