primary school; elementary school; grade school
pupil in ... year; student in ... year
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
summer vacation; summer holiday
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
to sprawl; to lie sprawled; to stretch oneself out; to lie relaxed on one's side
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
whirling; revolving; coiling around; winding around; working tirelessly; working hard
to turn; to revolve; to visit several places; to function well; to pass a certain time
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
playing; play (margin between on and off, gap before pressing button or lever has an effect)
absorbed in; immersed in; forgetting oneself; daze; within a dream; while dreaming
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
future (usually near); prospects
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
due form; official; formality
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
promising stock; stock with potential; hopeful stock; promising person; person with good prospects
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
ought to have been; was ... right?; to do for (inferiors)