primary school; elementary school; grade school
second-year student; second-year pupil; biennial; biennial plant
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
I; me; you; (arch.) manservant
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
speaking of ...; when it comes to ...; as for ...; if one were to say ...
summer vacation; summer holiday
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
to sprawl; to lie sprawled; to stretch oneself out; to lie relaxed on one's side
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; lower radical of a kanji; means of transportation
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
whirling; revolving; coiling around; winding around; working tirelessly; working hard
to turn; to rotate; to go around; to circle; to make the rounds (of); to go around (several places); to go by way of
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
riddle; puzzle; enigma; enigmatic; mysterious
play; playing; pleasure; amusement; play (in a mechanism, e.g. a steering wheel); slack
absorbed in; immersed in; forgetting oneself; daze; within a dream; while dreaming
if; in case; supposing; worst (case); unexpected (occurence); unforeseen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
future; (future) prospects; bringing (from abroad, another region, etc.); bringing about; giving rise to
name; given name; first name
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
formal; official; regular; proper; legal; due (formalities)
game; match; contest; competition; sport; (sporting) event
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
if I (we, etc.) could; if one were to ... then ... (an unpleasant thing would happen)
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; of course; definitely
promising stock; stock with potential; hopeful stock; promising person; person with good prospects
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
natural; right; proper; naturally; as a matter of course; rightly
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
(distant) future; future existence; world beyond the grave; future (tense)
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
ought to have been; was ... right?; to do for (inferiors)