indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
artificial intelligence; AI
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
keep ...-ing; have been ...-ing; leaving (something) on; leaving (something) still in use
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
(sound of) laughter; laughing voice
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
something broad and flat; common; ordinary; low-ranking employee; freshman
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
United Kingdom; Britain; English (language)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
spare time; free time; time (e.g. time it takes to do something); time off; day off; quitting (one's job); firing someone
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed