rough; wild; violent; immoderate; extravagant; reckless
breath; breathing; tone; mood
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to ascend; to go up; to ascend (as a natural process, e.g. the Sun); to rise; to go to (the capital); to be promoted; to add up to
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
circle; entirety; whole; money; dough; enclosure inside a castle's walls; soft-shelled turtle
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
height; stature; length (esp. of clothing); all (one has); everything; magnificence (of a waka poem, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
purpose; goal; aim; objective; intention
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to face; to go towards; to head towards
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
isn't it?; don't you think?; right?; surely; come on
riding together; sharing a car (taxi, etc.); doing in collaboration; backing of the same candidate by different political parties
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
mountain climbing; mountaineering
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
adds force or indicates command
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine