crow (Corvus spp.); raven
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
cry (esp. animal); roar; chirp; tweet; bark; whine
earth; soil; the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud); (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to dig; to excavate; to delve into; to dig up (e.g. vegetables); (for two men) to have anal sex
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
rough; wild; violent; immoderate; extravagant; reckless
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to strike against; to collide with; to encounter; to meet; to clash
ratio; proportion; match; equal; explicit comparison (style of the Shi Jing); Philippines
consequence; outcome; result; blame
through; throughout; in the course of; all over or throughout (e.g. a place)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
assistance; help; aid; support; reinforcement
to want; to wish for; to request; to demand; to seek; to search for
such ... as; or some such
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to kill (a human) using a blade (sword, machete, knife, etc.); to slice (off); to lop (off); to cut (off)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
slave traffic; slave dealer
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to mourn for; to grieve for; to condole with (the bereaved family, etc.); to hold a memorial service for; to hold a funeral service for
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all