indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
aquaculture; culture; cultivation; raising
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
tuna (edible fish, Thunnus spp.); tunny; Pacific bluefin tuna (edible fish, Thunnus orientalis); dead lay; starfish
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
study; research; investigation
Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
drumming (noise); beating; rapidly; quickly; continuously; one after the other
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
(animal) feed; fodder; pet food; bait; lure; enticement
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to raise; to rear; to train; to teach; to promote the growth of; to nurture
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous