indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point (in geometry)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
head; brains; intellect; understanding
wow!; oh!; yeah!; alright!; waah!; boohoo!
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
adds force or indicates command
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
ghost; specter; spectre; apparition; phantom
mechanism; mechanics; machines; mechanic
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to persevere; to persist; to insist that; to stick to (one's opinion); to remain in a place; to stick to one's post
devil; demon; Satan; the Devil; Māra; evil spirits or forces that hinder one's path to enlightenment
you (plural); all of you; you all