excuse me; pardon me; I'm sorry; thank you
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
police; police officer; police station
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
uneasy; unsure; unreliable; untrustworthy; (arch.) nervous; (arch.) impatient
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
to be surprised; to be astonished
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
natural; understandable; reasonable; no wonder
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
some; any; please; anyway; anyhow
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
mostly; nearly; practically; well-nigh; almost invariably; all but
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
first (of all); firstly; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to translate; to interpret
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
interpretation (i.e. oral translation); interpreter
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
bull; bulldog; bulldozer; bourgeois; bourgeoisie