Common Era; CE; Christian Era; Western (Gregorian) calendar
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wrap up; to pack; to cover; to envelop; to conceal (a feeling); to hide
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
present age; present day; today; modern era; modern times
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be added to; to be appended; to join in (e.g. a group of friends); to participate; to increase (e.g. heat); to gain in (e.g. influence)
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
union; unity; bundling; binding; (arch.) putting on (clothes, armour, etc.)
to strengthen; to emphasize; to emphasise
end; tip; end (of the year, month, etc.); close; youngest child; descendants; offspring
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to face; to go towards; to head towards
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
equipment; device; installation; stage setting
discovery; detection; finding
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
(in gagaku or noh) middle section of a song
to use as an intermediary; to worry; to mind; to care
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
spurious article; forgery; counterfeit; imitation; sham
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
as was expected; just as one thought; sure enough; really; actually; ever