expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
now (when it is already much too late); at this stage; afresh; anew; again
helmet (of a warrior); headpiece
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
to dig up; to expose; to disclose
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; (not) any
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
beginning; outset; first; onset
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
you; you bastard; you son of a bitch; (arch.) you
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
(rock) crystal; high purity quartz
board; plank; sheet (of metal); plate (of glass); cutting board; chopping board
record; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); results; to record; to document
truth; reality; truly; really; absolute truth
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so
speaking without thinking; words spoken without much thought
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
to lose; to be defeated; to succumb; to give in; to be inferior to; to break out in a rash due to (e.g. lacquer, shaving, etc.)
spite; frustration; vexation
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation